A universal testing machine is a precision instrument used for testing the mechanical properties of materials. Its core function is to obtain key mechanical indicators such as strength, plasticity, and elasticity of materials by simulating the deformation and failure processes of materials under different stress conditions.
The working principle of a universal testing machine is based on the three basic modes of material mechanics testing: tension, compression, and bending. Some high-end models also support composite tests such as shearing, tearing, and peeling. During testing, the sample is fixed between upper and lower clamps. A motor drives a crossbeam to move and apply force. Sensors collect force and displacement data in real time, ultimately generating a stress-strain curve. This curve can intuitively reflect parameters such as yield strength, tensile strength, and elongation at break of the material, providing a quantitative basis for material performance evaluation.